City
São Paulo
Brazil
São Paulo became Tropicália's industrial forge after 1967, when Caetano and Gil relocated here to record for the Philips label and engage with the city's cosmopolitan avant-garde scene. The movement crystallized at the III Festival de Música Popular Brasileira in 1967 (TV Record) and in recording studios where albums like "Tropicália: ou Panis et Circencis" (1968) were produced, incorporating electric guitars and concrete poetry. The city's cultural infrastructure and connection to international rock sounds transformed Bahian experimentalism into a full-blown artistic revolution before the military dictatorship imprisoned its leaders in 1968.